Mazuvano, kuziva kwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Sezvo kurudziro ye "mvura yakanyatsojeka uye makomo akasvibira makomo egoridhe nemakomo esirivheri", mabatirwo akasarudzika emarara emumba uye kuburitswa kwetsvina kunogara kuchidzorwa. Nekudaro, munzvimbo zhinji dziri kure dzekumaruwa, nzvimbo dzekugara dzakadzokera kumashure, pasina tsigiro yemidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa inoenderana, uye nzvimbo yavo yehutsanana yakashata zvakanyanya, kunyanya maererano nekugadziriswa kwemvura yemumba, hapana chinomanikidza, zvichikonzera denderedzwa rakashata remhoteredzo iri kuipa, upfumi hwakashata, uye upenyu hwakashata.
Kune marudzi mazhinji emidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa, uye midziyo yakasiyana yakakodzera nguva dzakasiyana.
1. Midziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yemumba
Tsvina yemumba inoreva tsvina inoraswa muhupenyu hwevanhu, kusanganisira tsvina yemudzimba, muzvikoro, muzvipatara nezvimwe. Kumaruwa, sezvo kusina pombi yemvura inoyerera, mhuri zhinji dzinoshandisa mvura yemutsime kana yerwizi. Zvitubu zvemvura izvi kazhinji hazvina kuchena, saka michina yekuchenesa tsvina yemumba yakakosha zvikuru.
Parizvino, akajairika mudzimba sewage kurapwa midziyo zvinosanganisira: zvipenyu sefa, chakagadzirwa wetland, kushingaira dziva, etc. Midziyo iyi inopfuudza tsvina kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa kubvisa zvinosvibisa uye kuita kuti ive yakachena uye isingakuvadzi.
2. Michina yekuchenesa tsvina yezvipfuyo
Indasitiri yekumaruwa yezvipfuyo nekupfuya huku ndiko kwakakosha kuwana mari kuvarimi, asi manyowa ezvipfuyo nehuku pamwe neweti zvinogadzirwa panguva yekupfuya zvinosvibisa nharaunda nekukanganisa hupenyu hwevagari vakapoteredza. Naizvozvo, zvipfuyo nehuku zvekuchenesa tsvina yemidziyo zvakare chikamu chakakosha chekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa.
Midziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yezvipfuyo neyehuku inosanganisira: biogas digester, nzvimbo dzine mvura dzakavakwa, membrane separation, etc. Midziyo iyi inogaya manyowa ezvipfuyo uye weti kuburikidza nemitoo yemuviri, makemikari kana yebiological kubvisa zvinosvibisa uye kuita kuti zvisakuvadze uye zvishandiswe.
Kumaruwa, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina kuchiri kuduku, uye tsvina yakawanda inobudiswa zvakananga munzizi, iyo isingasvibisi nharaunda chete, asiwo inokanganisa hutano hwevagari vemo. Saka, ndeupi rudzi rwemidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yakanyatsokodzera kumaruwa? Ngatikurukurei pamwe chete.
1. Biological sefa
Biofilter chinhu chakajairika chekuchenesa tsvina, chinoshandura organic zvinhu mutsvina kuita inorganic zvinhu kuburikidza ne biodegradation, kuitira kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuchenesa mvura. Kuenzaniswa nemimwe michina, mutengo webiofilter wakaderera, uye mutengo wekugadzirisa zvakare wakaderera. Panguva imwecheteyo, mvura yakagadziriswa inogona kushandiswa kudiridza uye zvimwe zvinangwa.
2. Artificial wetland
Yakagadzirwa wetland imhando yemidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yakavakirwa pane wetland ecosystem. Inoshandura zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumvura yetsvina kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi kuburikidza nekuita kwezvirimwa uye microorganisms, uye inogonawo kubvisa zvinobudirira zvinovaka muviri zvakadai senitrogen uye phosphorus. Kuenzaniswa nemimwe midziyo, mutengo wekuvaka wevhu rekugadzira wakakwira, asi mutengo wekushandisa wakaderera, uye haudi kushanda kwehunyanzvi, saka yakakodzera kushandiswa kumaruwa.
3. Anaerobic bioreactor
Anaerobic bioreactor chishandiso chekuchenesa tsvina chinogona kuita biological reaction munzvimbo isina oxygen. Inogona kunyatsobvisa organic zvinhu uye zvinovaka muviri zvakaita senitrogen uye phosphorus mutsvina. Kuenzaniswa nemimwe michina, mutengo weanaerobic bioreactor wakakwira, asi unotora nzvimbo diki uye haidi huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi, saka yakakodzera kushandiswa kumaruwa.
Kupfupisa, midziyo yakasiyana yekuchenesa tsvina ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechekusarudza midziyo inokodzera iwe. Pakusarudza michina yekuchenesa tsvina, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zvizere zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo, kusanganisira kusimba kwehupfumi, zvinodiwa zvemhando yemvura, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvimwe zvinhu. Ndinovimba kuti kuburikidza nechinyorwa chino, ndinogona kukupa mamwe mareferensi ekuita kuti kucheneswa kwetsvina kushande kumaruwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-25-2023