Mazuva ano, ruzivo rwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza ruri kuramba ruchiwedzera. Sezvo kurudziro yekuti "mvura yakajeka nemakomo akasvibira ari makomo egoridhe nemakomo esirivha", kurapwa kwemarara emumba uye kuburitswa kwetsvina zviri kuramba zvichidzorwa. Zvisinei, munzvimbo zhinji dzekumaruwa dziri kure, nzvimbo dzekugara dziri kumashure zvishoma, pasina rutsigiro rwemidziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa, uye nzvimbo dzavo dzekuchenesa dzakaderera zvikuru, kunyanya panyaya yekuchenesa mvura yemumba, hapana dambudziko rakanaka, zvichikonzera kutenderera kwakaipa kwenharaunda, hupfumi hwakaipa, uye hupenyu hwakaipa.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemichina yekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa, uye michina yakasiyana yakakodzera zviitiko zvakasiyana.
1. Midziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yemumba
Tsvina yemumba zvinoreva tsvina inoburitswa muhupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva, kusanganisira tsvina inobva mudzimba, zvikoro, zvipatara nedzimwe nzvimbo. Mumaruwa, sezvo pasina pombi dzemvura dzinoyerera, mhuri zhinji dzinoshandisa mvura yemumatsime kana mvura yerwizi. Matsime aya emvura kazhinji haana kuchena, saka michina yekuchenesa tsvina yemumba inokosha zvikuru.
Parizvino, michina yekuchenesa tsvina yemumba inonyanya kushandiswa inosanganisira: firita yemhuka, nzvimbo ine mvura yakagadzirwa, dziva rinopisa, nezvimwewo. Midziyo iyi inopfuudza tsvina nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuchenesa kuti ibvise tsvina uye iite yakachena uye isingakuvadzi.
2. Midziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yezvipfuwo
Indasitiri yekuchengeta zvipfuyo nehuku kumaruwa inzvimbo inokosha yekuwana mari kuvarimi, asi ndove yezvipfuwo nehuku uye weti inogadzirwa panguva yekubereka zvinosvibisa nharaunda uye zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwevagari vakakomberedza. Saka, michina yekuchenesa tsvina yezvipfuwo nehuku chikamu chakakosha chekuchenesa tsvina yekumaruwa.
Midziyo yekuchenesa tsvina yemhuka nehuku inosanganisira: zvinogaya biogas, nzvimbo dzakanyorova dzakavakwa, kupatsanurwa kwemembrane, nezvimwewo. Midziyo iyi inogadzirisa ndove yemhuka uye weti kuburikidza nenzira dzemuviri, dzemakemikari kana dzebhayoloji kubvisa tsvina uye kuita kuti isakuvadze uye isashandiseke.
Munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, kushandiswa kwemichina yekuchenesa tsvina kuchiri kudiki, uye tsvina yakawanda inorasirwa zvakananga munzizi, izvo zvisingangosvibisi nharaunda chete, asiwo zvinokanganisa hutano hwevagari vemo. Saka, ndeipi michina yekuchenesa tsvina yakakodzera nzvimbo dzekumaruwa? Ngatikurukurei pamwe chete.
1. Sefa yezvehupenyu
Biofilter chishandiso chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuchenesa tsvina, chinoshandura zvinhu zvipenyu zviri mutsvina kuita zvinhu zvisina organic kuburikidza nekuora kwemvura, kuitira kuti mvura icheneswe zvakanaka. Kana tichienzanisa nezvimwe zvishandiso, mutengo webiofilter wakaderera, uye mutengo wekugadzirisa wakadererawo. Panguva imwe chete, mvura yakanatswa inogona kushandiswa pakudiridza nezvimwe zvinangwa.
2. Nzvimbo ine mvura yakagadzirwa
Nzvimbo ine mvura yakavakwa rudzi rwemuchina wekuchenesa tsvina wakavakirwa pamamiriro enzvimbo ine mvura. Inoshandura zvinhu zvinokuvadza mutsvina kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi kuburikidza nekushanda kwemiti netupukanana, uye inogonawo kubvisa zvinovaka muviri zvakaita senitrogen nephosphorus. Kana ichienzaniswa nemimwe michina, mutengo wekuvaka nzvimbo ine mvura yakaitwa wakakwira, asi mutengo wekushanda wakaderera, uye haidi kushanda kwehunyanzvi, saka yakakodzera kushandiswa kumaruwa.
3. Anaerobic bioreactor
Anaerobic bioreactor chishandiso chekuchenesa tsvina chinogona kuita mashandiro ehupenyu munzvimbo isina okisijeni. Chinogona kubvisa zvinobudirira zvinhu zvechisikigo nezvinovaka muviri zvakaita senitrogen nephosphorus mutsvina. Kana zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvishandiso, mutengo weanaerobic bioreactor wakakwira, asi chinotora nzvimbo diki uye hachidi magetsi akawanda, saka chakakodzera kushandiswa kumaruwa.
Mukupfupisa, michina yakasiyana yekuchenesa tsvina ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, uye chinhu chakakosha kusarudza michina inokukodzera. Pakusarudza michina yekuchenesa tsvina, zvakakosha kufunga zvakadzama zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kusanganisira simba rehupfumi, zvinodiwa zvemhando yemvura, zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda nezvimwe zvinhu. Ndinovimba kuti kuburikidza nechinyorwa chino, ndinogona kukupa mamwe mareferensi ekuita kuti basa rekuchenesa tsvina mumaruwa rive nyore.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-25-2023